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tail.man
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1992-12-03
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71 lines
NNAAMMEE
tail - display the last part of a file
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
ttaaiill [ _+_|_-_n_u_m_b_e_r ] [ _-_b_c_f_h_l_r ] [ _f_i_l_e ] ...
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
ttaaiill copies _f_i_l_e to the standard output beginning at a designated
place. If no file is named, the standard input is used.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
Options are all jammed together, not specified separately with
their own `-' signs.
_+_n_u_m_b_e_r Begin copying at distance _n_u_m_b_e_r from the beginning of the
file. _n_u_m_b_e_r is counted in units of lines, blocks or
characters, according to the appended option l, b or c.
When no units are specified, counting is by lines. If
_n_u_m_b_e_r is not specified, the value 10 is used.
_-_n_u_m_b_e_r Begin copying at distance _n_u_m_b_e_r from the end of the
file. _n_u_m_b_e_r is counted in units of lines, blocks or
characters, according to the appended option l, b or c.
When no units are specified, counting is by lines. If
_n_u_m_b_e_r is not specified, the value 10 is used.
ll _n_u_m_b_e_r is counted in units of lines.
bb _n_u_m_b_e_r is counted in units of blocks (512 bytes).
cc _n_u_m_b_e_r is counted in units of characters.
rr Copy lines from the end of the file in reverse order. The
default for rr is to print the entire file in reverse
order.
ff If the input file is not a pipe, do not terminate after
the last line of the input file has been copied, but enter
an endless loop, sleeping for a second and then attempting
to read and copy further records from the input file.
This option may be used to monitor the growth of a file
that is being written by some other process. For example,
the command:
tail -f fred
will print the last ten lines of the file fred, followed
by any lines that are appended to fred between the time
tail is initiated and killed. As another example, the
command:
tail -15cf fred
will print the last 15 characters of the file fred,
followed by any lines that are appended to fred between
the time tail is initiated and killed.
hh Display a short help message.
BBUUGGSS
Data for a tail relative to the end of the file is stored in a
buffer, and thus is limited in size.
Carriage-returns are not counted.
Some programs open output files in restrictive access modes; ttaaiill
cannot read these files unless the owner cooperates.
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